Scientific Publications

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

The location of Ibn Amer's wall in Arafat: research and investigation

This research is concerned with studying and verifying the location of the wall or garden attributed to Abdullah bin Aamir bin Kurayz al-Abshami al-Qurashi (9-59 AH), which he built in Arafat, Makkah. The research will be divided into two sections; the first: discusses the biography of Abdullah bin Aamir and his construction works in Makkah, as well as his role in providing water sources in Makkah. The second section: focuses on the wall of Ibn Aamir in Arafat, in terms of determining its location and its relation to defining the boundaries of Arafat in Islamic jurisprudence. The study relied on original sources and field research by visiting the site of the wall and attempting to accurately locate it. The study is unique in its in-depth exploration of the subject and its investigation of the wall's accounts in historical, jurisprudential, and travelers' sources.

الدكتور / عبد الرحمن بن عايد المُفَضَّلِي أستاذ التاريخ الإسلامي المساعد بقسم التاريخ - جامعة أم القرى بمكة المكرمة

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

Clothing and Adornment in Eastern Arabia (132-656 AH)

Clothing and adornment represent an important aspect of civilized life, contributing to a close depiction of the region's identity and culture. The type of clothing, its materials, sources, and other related questions together shape the civilization of the area, influenced by various factors that help form general judgments about the region's social and economic behavior. This research studies the topics of clothing and adornment in Eastern Arabia from 132 to 656 AH, considering it a vast region blessed with growth and prosperity. Its unique location made it a target of ambitions and a focal point for conflicts, leading to a turbulent history marked by instability. This backdrop highlights the distinct way of life of the region's inhabitants compared to other areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The region is renowned for its textile production, which was a primary source of livelihood for its people and a key aspect of their trade. Clothing varied due to several factors, being influenced by social conditions while also affecting them. Distinctions arose between the clothing of the elite and the common people, the free and the enslaved, and Muslims and others. Additionally, there were various characteristics in terms of color and style. Both men and women had their specific garments, although there were also shared clothing items for both genders. With Islam's emphasis on beauty and encouragement towards adornment and refinement, a notable interest developed in methods of beautification, with women reaping the largest share. Women adorned themselves with jewelry, gemstones, kohl, and henna, while men took care of their appearance by wearing rings and dyeing their beards and hair with henna. The region’s inhabitants frequently used various types of perfumes, highlighting a collective appreciation for beauty and elegance.

الأستاذة/ أسماء خالد سلمان إدارة سياسات وتطوير المناهج وزارة التربية والتعليم - مملكة البحرين

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

Al-Yamamah, the eastern gateway to Hajj

The pilgrimage routes throughout history represent a research field that reveals significant political and cultural aspects of the entities and individuals connected to them. In many cases, these routes became arenas of competition, rivalry, and conflict over providing services to the routes and their travelers. Upon examining the research scope of pilgrimage routes, the study highlights the role of al-Yamama from ancient times. Al-Yamama was not merely a passage for pilgrimage caravans; it served as a gateway for assembling pilgrims from the northern, southern, and eastern regions of al-Yamama, as well as from adjacent geographical areas. Furthermore, it organized the departure of these pilgrims, ensuring the security and provisioning of the caravans, while offering them options for the safest and most convenient routes to Makkah. Historical sources have documented these caravans under the name "Pilgrims of al-Yamama," with an independent pilgrimage banner distinct from others. This banner sometimes included caravans from other regions, such as Basra, Kufa, Bahrain, Oman, and others. Keywords: Pilgrimage – Makkah – Al-Yamama – Pilgrimage routes – Pilgrimage systems.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ إبراهيم بن عطية الله السُّلمي أستاذ التاريخ – جامعة أم القرى

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

The ancient date-pasteurization workshops in the village of Al-Rakah: A comparative study of the history of date-pasteurization in the Arabian Gulf

The study addressed a central issue by exploring the extent of differences between the date syrup production pits (madabis) discovered in the archaeological site of Al-Rakah Village in Saudi Arabia and their counterparts in Darin Island, Bahrain, and Qatar. It examined these differences from cultural, technical, and architectural perspectives to understand the evolution of construction methods and techniques, as well as the impact of environmental factors and available materials on their design. And the study aimed to describe the madabis in Al-Rakah Village historically, technically, and architecturally and to compare them with those in Darin Island, Bahrain, and Qatar. It employed a descriptive approach to analyze and precisely describe the madabis of Al-Rakah Village and a comparative approach to understand the differences and similarities between the madabis in Al-Rakah and other regions like Darin, Bahrain, and Qatar. The study revealed the development of madabis construction techniques over time and highlighted significant similarities in their primary function of extracting date syrup. However, differences in design and materials used reflected cultural and technical diversity. Furthermore, the study identified notable differences between the madabis in Bahrain and Qatar compared to those in Al-Rakah, particularly in the design of the channels and construction materials. Then, the study recommended documenting and preserving historical madabis sites, supporting the continuity of traditional crafts related to date syrup production, conducting further comparative studies to understand the evolution of date syrup production techniques, and integrating traditional architectural features of the madabis into modern designs to enhance cultural identity.

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

Mecca and Medina in the writings of Andalusian historians (Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, d. 776 AH/1374 CE) as a model

This study deals with the references mentioned in the writings of the Andalusian historian Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib (d. 776 AH/1374 AD), through which the researcher was able to extract the importance and status of The land of the two holy mosques in his writings, especially the scientific status, and the role of the scholars of the Hijaz in transferring sciences and knowledge through what was mentioned in the biographies of Muslim scholars who visited the The land of the two holy mosques or the scholars of the The land of the two holy mosques themselves. The source of the study is the works of Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, the most important of which is his book Al-Ihata fi Akhbar Granada, and the references mentioned in it in the biographies of Muslim scholars who visited Granada and had visited the Hijaz, or the Granadan scholars who visited the Hijaz. The researcher monitored these references and collected them in one topic about the status of the Hijaz in Ibn al-Khatib’s mind and the scientific status of the Hijaz through these references. The study is divided into three sections. The first section is entitled “Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib.” The second section is entitled “The Sanctity of the Lands of the Mecca and Medina.” The third section is entitled “The Scientific Status of the Lands of the Mecca and Medina.”

الدكتورة/ إيمان بنت دخيل الله العصيمي أستاذ التاريخ الإسلامي المشارك بقسم التاريخ- جامعة أم القرى

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

The second rulers of Diriyah before the establishment of the first Saudi state, based on local sources.

The Emirs of the Second Diriyah Before the Establishment of the First Saudi State in Light of Local Sources This research examines the chronology of rule in Diriyah after its founding by Prince Mani' bin Rabi'ah al-Muraidi, and the most prominent princes who assumed power during the period between 1446 and 1727, when Imam Muhammad bin Saud founded the First Saudi State. The study traced texts found in local historical sources, by many historians such as Ibn Bishr, Ibn Lebun, al-Fakhri, Ibn Essa, and other historians, and attempted to list those who assumed the emirate based on these texts. The study concluded with a list of these 19 princes.

الدكتور/ محمد بن علي العبداللطيف عضو هيئة تدريس بقسم التاريخ - جامعة الملك سعود والمدير التنفيذي لإدارة البحوث والنشر بدارة الملك عبدالعزيز - الرياض

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

The eminent scholar and jurist Ahmad al-Hafzi ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Ajili (His life and works)

This research deals with a detailed study of one of the distinguished Asiri scientific and social figures, belonging to a long-standing family in science and social status at the level of the Arabian Peninsula in general, and its south in particular, namely the family of Al-Bakri Al-Ajili, especially the most prominent of its scholars and scientists, who had a great reputation in science, education, reform, and calling to Allah Almighty in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries Hijri. In his community, he had the upper hand in writing, reading, reforming among the people, spreading science, opening educational circles, and dictating lessons to those who attend the science circles in their mosque in their town “Rujal”, or in their other village “Athalif” in the Rijal Almaa region; where these two schools before the arrival of the first Saudi state became centers of knowledge that attracted a number of students from Asir, from outside it, and even from some countries outside the Arabian Peninsula, whether from Indian pilgrims, Jabart, and others.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ محمد بن منصور الحاوي قسم التاريخ - كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية - جامعة الملك خالد

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

Endowments and social solidarity in Oman in light of the book "Introduction to the Foundations of Faith" by Sheikh Saeed bin Khalfan Al-Khalili

Introduction: The importance of the endowment in the Islamic society because it contributes to social solidarity, and derives its legitimacy from the Holy Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet and the consensus of Muslim scholars, and its truth is to lock up a certain money as an ongoing charity that meets the continuous benefits of society. The study is based on Sheikh Said Al-Khalili's seventh-volume Preface to the Rules of Faith, which means the third volume, which deals with the endowment and its banks, as societies today face destitution, lack of income and high living. Objectives: The research aims to shed light on the importance of the endowment in our time, and its containment of society in the values of social solidarity as a sustainable social development for the individual and the group, in order to pay the damage, and meet their necessary needs, which are originally the responsibility of society and the state. Methodology: The research takes the descriptive and analytical approach in achieving the objectives of the research from the reality of the importance of the endowment and its sustainable entity. The research methodology is divided into an introduction and three axes; the introduction focused on introducing the endowment, and also includes introducing the book Preface to the Rules of Faith and its author. The first axis deals with the types and forms of endowment, while the second axis focuses on the expenses of the endowment, old and new, and the third axis is devoted to the contribution of the endowment to social solidarity, in which Islam applies doctrine, worship, law, system, morality and behavior, as well as zakat and charity. It embodies the individual's awareness of his social responsibility and increases his sense of community issues. Keywords: endowment, introductory book, social solidarity, social development.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ سعيد بن محمد الهاشمي أستاذ متفرغ التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر - جامعة السلطان قابوس

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

The British-French rivalry over key trading centers in the Arabian Gulf in the late 19th century

The Arabian Gulf has been of great importance since ancient times to this day, as it is the living artery that connects the East and the West, and through its ports and commercial centers, various goods and products are transported due to its distinguished strategic location, which made it the focus of attention of the colonial countries that competed over it throughout the previous centuries, especially at the end of the nineteenth century between France and Britain. Oman alone was afflicted with three issues that caused British-French relations to reach a state of crisis between the two parties, which almost led to devastating wars between them as a result of Britain's keenness to close any gap through which any European colonial influence might be able to infiltrate the region in order to secure their renewed interests in the Indian continent. Since the end of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763 AD) between Britain and France, Britain's interest in the Arabian Gulf changed. It was no longer commercial as before, but rather became more political. Consequently, their desire to dominate and monopolize the region increased, especially with the decline of the Dutch in the Arabian Gulf region. The British thought that they had monopolized the region, only to be surprised by the fierce competition of the French, which ignited the flames of wars and conflicts between them. Perhaps the most important issues that worsened the relationship between the two parties, specifically in Oman, were the issue of the French establishing a coal station in Bandar Jissah, the issue of raising the French flag on Omani ships, and the issue of the spread of weapons and ammunition in Oman and the Arabian Gulf. These three issues occurred simultaneously during the reign of Sultan Faisal bin Turki Al Busaidi (1864-1913).‏

الأستاذة/ حليمة علي النقبي طالبة دكتوراه تاريخ حديث - جامعة الشارقة

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

'iisdarat aljunih aldhahab alsueudia aldawafie walmasar 1370 - 1377h/1952 - 1958m

This research presents the historical framework for the issuance of the Saudi gold pound during the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1370 AH/1952 AD, and the second issue in the name of King Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1376 AH/1958 AD. The study will address the reasons that prompted both King Abdulaziz and King Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud to issue the Saudi gold pound, the role played by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency in preparing for these issues, studying the styles, writings and shapes of these pounds and analyzing their content, and the economic role played by the Saudi pound in monetary life at the local and global levels, through a comprehensive study of the position of the Saudi gold pound against global currencies. The study will include tables showing the exchange rates of the Saudi gold pound, and the study will include pictures of the pounds that I published in the research and the transcription of the writings of the published coins.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ أحمد محمد يوسف عبدالقادر أستاذ النقود الإسلامية بكلية الآثار - جامعة القاهرة