Scientific Publications

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

Traditional medicine in the Jazan region during the period (1300-1350 AH/1882-1931 AD): A historical study

عانت منطقة جازان؛ كغيرها من مناطق المملكة العربية السعودية ولاسيما قبل وصول الخدمات الصحية الحديثة إليها في عهد الملك عبدالعزيز - رحمه الله - من انتشار الكثير من الأمراض الفتاكة التي أودت بكثير من الأرواح, على الرغم من وجود بعض الوسائل العلاجية البدائية أو ما يُسمى بالطب الشعبي, ولذا فإن هذه الدراسة تتناول موضوع الطب الشعبي في منطقة جازان خلال النصف الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الهجري/التاسع عشر الميلادي, وذلك من خلال تمهيد ومبحثين رئيسيين, حيث يعرض التمهيد مفهوم الطب الشعبي لدى سكان المنطقة, وأسباب انتشار الأمراض فيها, أما المبحث الأول فيتناول أهم أسباب انتشار الأمراض في المنطقة خلال مدة الدراسة وأبرز الأدوات الطبية المستخدمة لعلاج تلك الأمراض, وأما المبحث الثاني فيتناول عرضًا لأهم الأمراض في المنطقة وطرق علاجها من خلال الطب الشعبي.

الدكتور/ محمد بن جابر يحيى الخالدي المالكي أستاذ التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر المشارك - جامعة الملك خالد

Issue 23 Book 01 Apr 2025

Limits and standards for developing handcrafted products

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a long tradition of traditional crafts belonging to local cultural groups of Arab tribes endemic in all regions of the Kingdom, leaving behind the indicators of a sophisticated culture of these crafts. These human groups have succeeded in their artistic techniques, designs and decorative elements. These crafts have valuable products that pay for needs that are essential to people's old daily lives. These crafts and their products are no longer a cultural heritage that inherits generations and enjoys only the Kingdom's support and attention, but a vital sector that plays an important economic role. There is no doubt that traditional crafts products require creativity, innovation and development in response to cultural variables, the realization of desires and needs, and the creation of competition for other products leading to the continuity and preservation of crafts. It is important to establish limits and standards for this development that ensure the preservation of the national authenticity and identity of artisanal products and create competition with others. Particularly in the light of the proliferation of indiscriminate products and the experience of some modest craftsmen, and the lack of emphasis on authenticity and identity; Although there is a significant cultural movement in the field of crafts and traditional industries in Saudi Arabia, and interest in their products, there is no clear mechanism for the limits and standards of the development of these crafts' products. This paper aims to highlight the development of artisanal products and the limits and standards of such development through the elements of this paper: to clarify the concept and importance of trades and traditional industries, to define and classify artisanal products and to address the difference between the product industry and its development, as well as to illustrate the importance and objectives of development and the development mechanism so that products do not lose their authenticity as a cultural heritage reflecting their national identity. The results of the development and its impact on the continuity of trades and traditional industries.

الدكتورة/ دليّل بنت مطلق بن شافي القحطاني مديرة إدارة الدراسات والأبحاث بشركة اثارنا الدولية

Issue 19 Journal 01 Apr 2024

ظاهرة اهتزاز وزلزلة السماء والأرض في النصوص المصرية القديمة

يتناول هذا البحث المفردات والتراكيب التي استخدمها المصريون القدماء للتعبير عن اضطرابات السماء والأرض، مثل: mnmn، sdA، qi، hmhmt، nhnhA، nhm، nwT، nwr وتختلف هذه المصطلحات في دقتها ودلالاتها، وقد فسّرت العديد من النصوص أسباب هذه الظواهر، منها ما هو إلهي مرتبط بالآلهة والقوى الكونية، ومنها ما هو طبيعي كاضطراب الأرض، والظواهر الجوية، والأحداث الفلكية. كما تناولت النصوص تأثير هذه الظواهر على البيئة مثل المطر والظلام، وعلى الإنسان من حيث الانفعالات النفسية.

الدكتور/ وليد محمد صفائي

Issue 19 Journal 01 Apr 2024

Musnad inscriptions from the Temple of Shabʿān in Wadiī Ḥarīb - Marib Governorate. And new data about the religious and administrative functions in the ancient Yemeni temples during the second half of the first millennium BC.

This paper analyzes three Musnad inscriptions that were found in the Temple of God Ḥawkam known as Shabʿān (bytn šbʿn) in the town of Maryamah (Hajar al-ʿAdī) in Wadi Ḥarīb. This temple was looted and destroyed in previous years, which led to the loss of much of its archaeological and cultural heritage. According to the writing style of these inscriptions, they date back to around the third century BC. The importance of these inscriptions lies in the fact that they identify a variety of religious and administrative functions and positions held by a variety of priests and officials responsible for the care of the Qatabanian temples in the Bayḥān Valley and Ḥarīb, where a number of important ancient Yemeni towns arose in the first millennium BC. The inscriptions under investigation also corrected the significance of a number of previously recognized functions and included some names of deities, flags, families, locations and terms of importance in ancient Yemeni inscriptions.

الدكتور/ محمد بن علي الحاج

Issue 19 Journal 01 Apr 2024

The Praetorian Guard and the protection of the Roman Emperor in the second and third centuries AD

This research deals with the role of the Praetorian Guard in Roman politics in the second and third centuries AD. The Praetorian Guard was formed during the reign of Emperor Augustus in 27 BC, and its primary mission was to protect the emperor and his family, but its role soon expanded to include protecting the capital, Rome, and securing it from internal strife. Protecting homes from thieves’ attacks, participating in putting out fires, and securing sports games and theatrical performances in the city. In the second and third centuries AD, the Praetorian Guard continued to perform its traditional functions, but it also played a prominent political role, as its leaders were able to interfere in the selection of the emperor, isolate each other, or were able to occupy the throne themselves. Several factors contributed to the expansion of the political role of the Praetorian Guard, including: • The weakness of the emperors in that period, which provided the opportunity for the guards to interfere in political affairs. • Frequent political conflicts in Rome, which made the Guard a military force required by various political parties. • The stability of the Praetorian Guard in the capital, Rome, made it closer to political events and more able to influence them. The research concluded that the Praetorian Guard was an important political force in the Roman Empire in the second and third centuries AD, as it played a prominent role in political events and contributed to destabilizing political stability in the empire.

الأستاذة الدكتورة/ فتحية بنت حسين عقاب أستاذ التاريخ القديم بجامعة الملك سعود

الأستاذ/ عبدالعالم أحمد حمود مجاهد طالب دكتوراه بقسم التاريخ - جامعة الملك سعود

Issue 19 Journal 01 Apr 2024

The chronology at the Dadan archaeological site: new and different data through the results of recent archaeological excavations.

Recent archaeological research at the Dadan archaeological site, in northwestern Saudi Arabia, have revealed important data that significantly improve our knowledge of the occupation sequence of this site. Earlier evidence indicated that the site had two major phases – the first in the first millennium BCE (corresponding to the Dadanite and Lihyanite periods), and the second in the Early Islamic period (from the eighth to the tenth century AD). However, as part of a new archaeological project carried out by the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) on behalf of the Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) and the French Agency for the Development of AlUla (AFALULA), new large-scale excavations have now revealed a much longer sequence spanning more than three millennia. This paper discusses this new chronology and raises questions about its historical implications. Key words: Dadan, AlUla, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Dhū-Ghābat.

الدكتور/ عبدالرحمن السحيباني أستاذ مشارك في قسم الآثار، جامعة الملك سعود. مستشار الآثار، الهيئة الملكية لمحافظة العلا.

الدكتور/ جيروم رومير باحث آثار في الوحدة UMR 8167 في المركز الفرنسي الوطني للأبحاث العلمية.

Issue 19 Journal 01 Apr 2024

نقش السلولي من نجران المؤرَّخ بسنة 29 هجرية دراسة في مضمونه ودلالته التاريخية

This research studies the inscription of Abdullah bin Yazid Al-Saluli, which was found in 2002 by the joint Saudi-Japanese mission in Wadi Al-Khushaybah in Hima region-Najran. The importance of this inscription derived from it is being one of the oldest Islamic inscriptions, as it is dated back to the year of 29 AH (as will be explained in the research) which makes it comes in the third rank in terms of dated Islamic inscriptions, after Salamah inscription dated 23 AH and Zuhair two inscriptions dated 24 AH. This inscription can be classified within the commemorative Islamic writings that executed on the rocks of the roads' paths for proving presence in the place and an expression of faith and piety. It is a written document that has an important historical and cultural significance with the religious and social contents and names it contains. It is also an authentic witness of its era culture that dated back, as well as its importance in studying the development of Arabic calligraphy in that early history of Islamic period. The Saudi-Japanese team referred to this inscription in their preliminary report An annually report This inscription was referred to in a preliminary report on the work results done by the Saudi-Japanese team in Najran and Medina regions, published in Atlal Annual book (Issue 18 - 1426 AH / 2005), and it was also referred to in a general study on the rock inscriptions and drawings in Wadi Al-Khushaybah in Najran, published by Kawatoko and et al, issued by the Middle East Culture Center in Japan and the University of Tokyo (2005 AD). The inscription did not receive a detailed comparative study covering its content and historical connotations, which will be handled by the researcher in this research.

الأستاذة/ ميساء بنت علي إبراهيم الغبَّان

Issue 19 Journal 01 Apr 2024

The Al-Shihr region between classical and Islamic geographical sources

This research provides a description of the geography of the Ash- Shihr region, which is the historical region located in the region of the southern Arabian Peninsula, the study presented in the introduction a definition of this region and its linguistic and spatial significance, the study also touched on determining the geographical extension of the region, and the study sought to monitor the geographical features of the region according to the references mentioned in the sources, where the researcher traced the most important things mentioned in a number of classical sources (Greek-Roman) and Islamic geographical sources with regard to the geographical characteristics and features of the region, starting from its astronomical and geographical location, and its status in the ancient world in terms of regional division and classification, the research also touched on shedding light on the most prominent features of the region’s climate, as it was distinguished by some climatic characteristics that attracted the interest of historians and geographers, the researcher then moved on to monitor what was reported about the terrain and surface features of the region in those sources, and among the most important of these terrains: mountains and valleys, as the sources that the study examined recorded for us information about some of the names of the mountains and valleys that are located within the Ash-Shihr region, we have also recorded for us some of the geographical features that characterize those mountains and valleys, and the topography of the region that the historical sources have recorded for us, as well as the marine capes and bays, as we will see in the course of the research the presence of a number of bays and marine capes - called in some sources Al-Ghab or Al-Jun -, then the research moved on to mention the islands of the region that were mentioned in the sources, the most important of which are: Socotra Island in the Republic of Yemen, and the islands of Korea Muria - Al-Hallaniyat - in the Sultanate of Oman currently, the sources documented for us what characterized those islands, both in terms of their geography and the appearance of their surface, and the appearance of its surface, or what it was famous for in terms of merchandise and commercial commodities that had value in the markets of the ancient world, the last station of this research was on the roads and paths of the region, the region had paths and roads for the passage of internal and external caravans, and those paths and roads varied between the sea roads and, the interior roads , the researcher also tried to track and monitor the signs related to these roads, while trying to link some of the names related to them that were mentioned in ancient sources to what matches or is close to them in our current time. Keywords: Ash- Shihr - South Arabia - Geography - Surface appearances

الشحر – جنوب الجزيرة العربية- الجغرافيا – مظاهر السطح

الأستاذ/ سالم أحمد سالم الكثيري وزارة التربية والتعليم - سلطنة عمان

Issue 19 Journal 01 Apr 2024

An Abbasid dirham minted in Dar Sik, Jazan region, in 186 AH, and mistakenly attributed to Bisha in the Asir region. (New reading)

‏Through this study, and in light of the evidence included in it, it has become necessary to know that the dirham of Caliph Harun al-Rasheed attributed to the Bisha mint; Preserved in the Qatar National Museum, it is a dirham bearing the name of the Baysh Mint. ‏This dirham, bearing the date of minting 186 AH, makes it, until the publication of this study, the oldest archaeological evidence in the field of Islamic coins bearing the name of the Baysh Mint, which makes it of great and immeasurable importance in the history of Islamic coins minted in the regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and in the Jazan region in particular.

الدكتور/ فيصل بن علي الطميحي

Issue 19 Journal 01 Apr 2024

A rare Abbasid Commemorative Dirham in the name of Mulahidh

This research presents an Abbasid commemorative Dirham in the name of Mulahidh and Abbasi ruler Al-muqtadir Biallah. It is preserved in Mr. Ammar Omran's collection in Saudi Arabia, and it does not represent the date and minting place of the coins. It is considered one of the extremely rarest coins, and it has not been published, or published any similar one ever. It was studied in this research in descriptive-analytical method during the political & military circumstances that occurs in Tehama of Yemen in that era. Prince Mulahidh has minted this coin after his victory against Ismaili's preacher Ali bin Al-fadhl in Yemen. This Dirham in particular, and this study in general are a new addition to the field of studying Islamic coins, and the money of Yemen in the Islamic era.

الدكتور/ نايف بن عبدالله الشرعان مدير إدارة العملة - البنك المركزي - الرياض