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The study group of inscriptions is located on the facade of Mount Dedan (Dedan - Al-Khuraybah) in Al-Ula Governorate, in the form of three groups, the first on the northern side facing the Islamic fort, the second next to the family tombs, and the third on the southern side next to the lion tombs. The study includes six inscriptions, including three dated inscriptions, two of which date back to the beginning of the fourth century AH/tenth century AD 311 AH/923 AD, 312 AH/924 AD. The third is from the beginning of the fifth century AH - the eleventh century AD 417 AH / 1026 AD. The study relies on the development of the shape of the letters on the rock facades, which differ in their development from tombstones or manuscripts on papyrus and paper. The importance of these dated inscriptions lies in the fact that they correspond to the period of the Islamic fortress at the site of Deden, which dates back to the Abbasid-Fatimid period.
The importance lies in the fact that it is the first inscription of King Shkr or Shaker bin Hasha’t. An inscription of him has not previously been discovered in Dedan, and he is considered the eighth king of Dedan to be uncovered. Secondly, it is the second inscription of a king of Deden to be revealed outside of Deden (Al-Ula Governorate). An inscription of King Muta’ El bin Karb El was previously revealed in Wadi Hasma, and inscriptions of the kings of the Lhyanic of Deden were previously revealed, including an inscription of the king congratulating Aws in Wadi Hasma. Lhyanic inscriptions in Taima. He also revealed inscriptions written in Aramaic by the King of Lhyan. This indicates the spread of the control of the Dadanic and after them the Lhyanic over the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula, especially in the region located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. key words: Dadan, Shaker, King of Dadan, Mata’ Al King of Dadan, Dadanic inscription.
After studying ancient Arabic inscriptions, they have proven to be among the most important historical sources for understanding the past of the Arabian Peninsula’s inhabitants during pre-Islamic eras. These inscriptions document significant topics related to the history and culture of the region. Ancient Arabic inscriptions are a primary source for historians and researchers studying the history of Arabia, and they also serve as tangible evidence portraying various practices of ancient Arab society in all aspects of daily life, including religious beliefs, social customs, political affiliations, and trade relations. Women had their share in these inscriptions, reflecting their social, religious, and political roles. One of the most notable sites mentioning the diverse roles of women is the Al-‘Ula region’s northwest site of Jabal Ikmah, located just 7 kilometers from the city center. These inscriptions reveal that women held various roles and responsibilities, comparable to men, sharing tasks, and offering sacrifices from their wealth, palm trees, camels, and agricultural lands to the main deity, Dhu Ghaybah. The significance of this study lies in its focus on Lihyanite inscriptions that mention women’s roles in ancient Arab society, an area that has not received sufficient in-depth study. By examining their cultural content, it is certain that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the history of the Lihyanite society and Arab society in general. It will particularly shed light on the religious, social, political, and economic conditions prevailing during the first millennium BCE in the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula. The scientific research addresses a set of inscriptions that mention women’s names and roles, especially from Jabal Ikmah in Al-‘Ula Governorate. To date, over 40 inscriptions have been discovered, with the study focusing on 12 of them. The primary aim is to analyze their cultural content to uncover the distinctive roles of women and the professions they held in ancient Arab society.
Clothing and adornment represent an important aspect of civilized life, contributing to a close depiction of the region's identity and culture. The type of clothing, its materials, sources, and other related questions together shape the civilization of the area, influenced by various factors that help form general judgments about the region's social and economic behavior. This research studies the topics of clothing and adornment in Eastern Arabia from 132 to 656 AH, considering it a vast region blessed with growth and prosperity. Its unique location made it a target of ambitions and a focal point for conflicts, leading to a turbulent history marked by instability. This backdrop highlights the distinct way of life of the region's inhabitants compared to other areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The region is renowned for its textile production, which was a primary source of livelihood for its people and a key aspect of their trade. Clothing varied due to several factors, being influenced by social conditions while also affecting them. Distinctions arose between the clothing of the elite and the common people, the free and the enslaved, and Muslims and others. Additionally, there were various characteristics in terms of color and style. Both men and women had their specific garments, although there were also shared clothing items for both genders. With Islam's emphasis on beauty and encouragement towards adornment and refinement, a notable interest developed in methods of beautification, with women reaping the largest share. Women adorned themselves with jewelry, gemstones, kohl, and henna, while men took care of their appearance by wearing rings and dyeing their beards and hair with henna. The region’s inhabitants frequently used various types of perfumes, highlighting a collective appreciation for beauty and elegance.
This research presents the historical framework for the issuance of the Saudi gold pound during the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1370 AH/1952 AD, and the second issue in the name of King Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1376 AH/1958 AD. The study will address the reasons that prompted both King Abdulaziz and King Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud to issue the Saudi gold pound, the role played by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency in preparing for these issues, studying the styles, writings and shapes of these pounds and analyzing their content, and the economic role played by the Saudi pound in monetary life at the local and global levels, through a comprehensive study of the position of the Saudi gold pound against global currencies. The study will include tables showing the exchange rates of the Saudi gold pound, and the study will include pictures of the pounds that I published in the research and the transcription of the writings of the published coins.
This research studies the inscription of Abdullah bin Yazid Al-Saluli, which was found in 2002 by the joint Saudi-Japanese mission in Wadi Al-Khushaybah in Hima region-Najran. The importance of this inscription derived from it is being one of the oldest Islamic inscriptions, as it is dated back to the year of 29 AH (as will be explained in the research) which makes it comes in the third rank in terms of dated Islamic inscriptions, after Salamah inscription dated 23 AH and Zuhair two inscriptions dated 24 AH. This inscription can be classified within the commemorative Islamic writings that executed on the rocks of the roads' paths for proving presence in the place and an expression of faith and piety. It is a written document that has an important historical and cultural significance with the religious and social contents and names it contains. It is also an authentic witness of its era culture that dated back, as well as its importance in studying the development of Arabic calligraphy in that early history of Islamic period. The Saudi-Japanese team referred to this inscription in their preliminary report An annually report This inscription was referred to in a preliminary report on the work results done by the Saudi-Japanese team in Najran and Medina regions, published in Atlal Annual book (Issue 18 - 1426 AH / 2005), and it was also referred to in a general study on the rock inscriptions and drawings in Wadi Al-Khushaybah in Najran, published by Kawatoko and et al, issued by the Middle East Culture Center in Japan and the University of Tokyo (2005 AD). The inscription did not receive a detailed comparative study covering its content and historical connotations, which will be handled by the researcher in this research.
This research deals with the study of two arm guards preserved in the Georgia National Museum. I chose these two guards, as they are published for the first time, in addition to the decorative richness of pictorial drawings of hunting themes, and various floral motifs. The detailed descriptive approach of the two protectors was followed in terms of the industry, decoration methods and the decorative elements implemented on them, in addition to the comparative analytical method in order to identify the similarities and differences between the two masterpieces under study and their contemporary metal artifacts in order to reach the history of their industry and the historical period to which they belong. The study concluded with a set of results and facts, including the ratio of the two arm guards to the Safavid era (11th century AH / 17th century AD). The decoration of the outer frame that surrounds each of them has been decorated in the same style and decorations, which confirms that the two protectors date back to the same time period, perhaps to the same manufacturer or one of his students. In addition, the study showed the artist's success in expressing the nature of movement and realism in his figurative themes, through diversification in the movements of people and the diversity of their weapons, animals, and the direction of their movement. Key words: arm guards, Georgia National Museum, Safavid era, engraving style, illustrations, floral motifs.
This research delved into the importance of investing in historical sites within the Sultanate of Oman. Harat Al-Aqr (Al-Aqr Alley), a historical site, was selected as a case study for two primary reasons: its historical value and the investment experience associated with it. The study aimed to accentuate the alley's historical significance, define the envisioned investment objectives, and outline the challenges encountered during the initial stages of investment, along with the gains and accomplishments achieved. The research was anchored in the hypothesis that investing in Oman's historical sites could yield direct and indirect economic returns, contributing to the national economy's resources. The study sought to leverage the experience gained from Harat Al-Aqr and apply it to other Omani alleys. To fulfill its objectives, the research employed historical, descriptive, and case study methodologies, utilizing interviews as a primary research tool. The study was structured into an introduction and three main segments: Theoretical Framework, elucidating the importance of investing in historical sites; Historical Value of Harat Al-Aqr; and Investment in Harat Al-Aqr, encompassing its origins, challenges, benefits, and achievements. The conclusion encapsulated the key discoveries of the research. Several conclusions were drawn from the study, primarily highlighting the viability of investing in heritage and culture sectors, especially in historical sites. The investment experience in Nizwa stands as a model that could be replicated under similar conditions and factors. Keywords: Investment, historical sites, Harat Al-Aqr, Nizwa, Sustainable development
This paper analyzes three Musnad inscriptions that were found in the Temple of God Ḥawkam known as Shabʿān (bytn šbʿn) in the town of Maryamah (Hajar al-ʿAdī) in Wadi Ḥarīb. This temple was looted and destroyed in previous years, which led to the loss of much of its archaeological and cultural heritage. According to the writing style of these inscriptions, they date back to around the third century BC. The importance of these inscriptions lies in the fact that they identify a variety of religious and administrative functions and positions held by a variety of priests and officials responsible for the care of the Qatabanian temples in the Bayḥān Valley and Ḥarīb, where a number of important ancient Yemeni towns arose in the first millennium BC. The inscriptions under investigation also corrected the significance of a number of previously recognized functions and included some names of deities, flags, families, locations and terms of importance in ancient Yemeni inscriptions.
Recent archaeological research at the Dadan archaeological site, in northwestern Saudi Arabia, have revealed important data that significantly improve our knowledge of the occupation sequence of this site. Earlier evidence indicated that the site had two major phases – the first in the first millennium BCE (corresponding to the Dadanite and Lihyanite periods), and the second in the Early Islamic period (from the eighth to the tenth century AD). However, as part of a new archaeological project carried out by the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) on behalf of the Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) and the French Agency for the Development of AlUla (AFALULA), new large-scale excavations have now revealed a much longer sequence spanning more than three millennia. This paper discusses this new chronology and raises questions about its historical implications. Key words: Dadan, AlUla, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Dhū-Ghābat.
Through this study, and in light of the evidence included in it, it has become necessary to know that the dirham of Caliph Harun al-Rasheed attributed to the Bisha mint; Preserved in the Qatar National Museum, it is a dirham bearing the name of the Baysh Mint. This dirham, bearing the date of minting 186 AH, makes it, until the publication of this study, the oldest archaeological evidence in the field of Islamic coins bearing the name of the Baysh Mint, which makes it of great and immeasurable importance in the history of Islamic coins minted in the regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and in the Jazan region in particular.
This research presents an Abbasid commemorative Dirham in the name of Mulahidh and Abbasi ruler Al-muqtadir Biallah. It is preserved in Mr. Ammar Omran's collection in Saudi Arabia, and it does not represent the date and minting place of the coins. It is considered one of the extremely rarest coins, and it has not been published, or published any similar one ever. It was studied in this research in descriptive-analytical method during the political & military circumstances that occurs in Tehama of Yemen in that era. Prince Mulahidh has minted this coin after his victory against Ismaili's preacher Ali bin Al-fadhl in Yemen. This Dirham in particular, and this study in general are a new addition to the field of studying Islamic coins, and the money of Yemen in the Islamic era.
This research showing the Islamic Archaeology and its charactaristics, and archaeological sites and cities, and decorated arts which created in the Islamic cites. This research aimes to studying the Islamic archaeology and its types, definates its decorative, and architectural elements; in trying to enrichment the archaeological research with this study and makes it easier for the researcher to obtain a brief and comprehensive knowledge of their types. This study contains photoghraphies showing some types to helps understanding and classificying it.
Abstract: This article discusses the usage of Google Earth for exploration in the field of archaeological research. Through its various editions (web platform, computer programs, mobile applications, etc.), it provides high-resolution images that help in the exploration of new archaeological sites in different regions. The article reviews some selected examples of stone structures in the north, northwest, and west of Saudi Arabia that Google Earth has helped to explore and identify. The article seeks to evaluate the feasibility of using Google Earth in archaeological research and to what extent it contributes to finding solutions to the challenges of field archaeological surveys in vast desert areas that are difficult to survey and explore by ground survey. The article focuses on providing scientific material in Arabic for specialists, enthusiasts, and students of archaeology on the usage of Google Earth in the field of archaeological research of stone structures in Saudi Arabia to build scientific knowledge in Arabic to keep pace with modern scientific advances in the field of archaeological survey. Keywords: archaeology, Google Earth, satellite images, stone structures, exploration, archaeological survey, archaeological sites, archaeological excavations.
حملة بغا التركي (الكبير) وآثارها على الحجاز واليمامة 230-234هـ
