This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in archaeological documentation, focusing on their role in analyzing and classifying cultural heritage materials, and in monitoring environmental and human-induced changes affecting archaeological sites. The research emphasizes AI tools related to image analysis, machine learning, and spectral data processing, alongside the use of remote sensing technologies to support digital preservation and site exploration. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, supported by a field visit to Durham University in the United Kingdom, to observe real-world applications of these technologies in academic and research contexts. It further investigates how such approaches can be adapted locally, particularly in archaeological sites across Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the research highlights key technical, epistemological, and ethical challenges associated with employing AI in archaeology, and proposes hybrid models that combine field expertise with smart systems to achieve effective and sustainable heritage documentation.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Archaeological Documentation, Machine Learning, Remote Sensing, Heritage Preservation, Digital Excavation.