Scientific Publications

Issue 20 Journal 31 Mar 2025

The palaces of the Emirate in the Al-Jawf region during the reign of King Abdulaziz (Dumat Al-Jandal - Al-Shuwayhitiyah) as a model: A historical and cultural study

King Abdul Aziz, may God have mercy on him, was able to establish a large, sprawling state that included the Al-Jawf region, which entered his rule in 1340 AH/1921 AD. He appointed princes before him for these regions, which required building centers for this emirate. From this standpoint, this study came under the title: “Palaces.” The emirate in the Al-Jawf region during the reign of King Abdul Aziz (Dumat Al-Jandal - Al-Shuwaihtiyya) is a model for a “historical and cultural study”, which aims to clarify the architectural structure of these two palaces and their uses. The study was based on a field visit to these two palaces and the descriptive approach to them. Keywords: Dumat Al-Jandal - Al-Jawf - Emirate Palaces - Al-Shuwaihtiya.

الدكتورة/ مها بنت سعيد اليزيدي أستاذ مشارك التاريخ الحديث - جامعة الجوف

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

An inscription of a new king of Dedan named Shukr - Shakir bin Hash'ah, king of Dedan from the Al-Nashifah Governorate in the Tabuk region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The importance lies in the fact that it is the first inscription of King Shkr or Shaker bin Hasha’t. An inscription of him has not previously been discovered in Dedan, and he is considered the eighth king of Dedan to be uncovered. Secondly, it is the second inscription of a king of Deden to be revealed outside of Deden (Al-Ula Governorate). An inscription of King Muta’ El bin Karb El was previously revealed in Wadi Hasma, and inscriptions of the kings of the Lhyanic of Deden were previously revealed, including an inscription of the king congratulating Aws in Wadi Hasma. Lhyanic inscriptions in Taima. He also revealed inscriptions written in Aramaic by the King of Lhyan. This indicates the spread of the control of the Dadanic and after them the Lhyanic over the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula, especially in the region located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. key words: Dadan, Shaker, King of Dadan, Mata’ Al King of Dadan, Dadanic inscription.

الأستاذ/ فؤاد بن حسن العامر باحث آثار سعودي ومدير متحف الآثار -جامعة الملك سعود سابقاً

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

"Women's roles and professions in ancient societies as revealed through the inscriptions of Jabal Ikmah"

After studying ancient Arabic inscriptions, they have proven to be among the most important historical sources for understanding the past of the Arabian Peninsula’s inhabitants during pre-Islamic eras. These inscriptions document significant topics related to the history and culture of the region. Ancient Arabic inscriptions are a primary source for historians and researchers studying the history of Arabia, and they also serve as tangible evidence portraying various practices of ancient Arab society in all aspects of daily life, including religious beliefs, social customs, political affiliations, and trade relations. ‏Women had their share in these inscriptions, reflecting their social, religious, and political roles. One of the most notable sites mentioning the diverse roles of women is the Al-‘Ula region’s northwest site of Jabal Ikmah, located just 7 kilometers from the city center. These inscriptions reveal that women held various roles and responsibilities, comparable to men, sharing tasks, and offering sacrifices from their wealth, palm trees, camels, and agricultural lands to the main deity, Dhu Ghaybah. ‏The significance of this study lies in its focus on Lihyanite inscriptions that mention women’s roles in ancient Arab society, an area that has not received sufficient in-depth study. By examining their cultural content, it is certain that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the history of the Lihyanite society and Arab society in general. It will particularly shed light on the religious, social, political, and economic conditions prevailing during the first millennium BCE in the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula. ‏The scientific research addresses a set of inscriptions that mention women’s names and roles, especially from Jabal Ikmah in Al-‘Ula Governorate. To date, over 40 inscriptions have been discovered, with the study focusing on 12 of them. The primary aim is to analyze their cultural content to uncover the distinctive roles of women and the professions they held in ancient Arab society.

الأستاذة/ ديم سيف السهلي أخصائي مساعد الاكتشاف الأثري

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

A Moroccan in Medina during the 12th century (AH/18th century AD) “The Nasiri Journey to the Illuminated Lands”

The scholars of Draa, like other scholars of Morocco, were interested in documenting the news of their pilgrimage, scientific or embassies. They took the same path as their predecessors in the past, followed their footsteps and followed their approach. We were able to count more than fifteen documented journeys between the tenth and thirteenth Hijri years/16-19 AD. This period is classified among the most prominent historical periods during which the Moroccan journey to the Hijaz region flourished. This was evident in what the Moroccan scholars who visited the region during that period wrote of various travel texts that included precise details about its social life and its political, cultural and economic conditions. Among the recorded journeys about a pilgrimage from Zawiya Tamgrout in Morocco to the Hijaz is the journey of Sheikh Ahmed bin Sheikh Mohammed bin Nasser Al-Dar’i, Abu Al-Abbas, known as the Caliph (1121 AH/1709 AD). It is a journey worthy of study and investigation, as it contains scientific information, historical information, and socio-economic events. To achieve this purpose, I divided the subject into four main points: 1- The author of the journey 2- The content of the journey. 3- Description of Medina and its conditions. 4- Conclusion and conclusions.

الدكتور/ نواف عبدالعزيز الجحمة أستاذ مشارك بقسم الدراسات الاجتماعية كلية التربية الأساسية - الهيئة العامة للتعليم التطبيقي والتدريب - الكويت

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

The poet Jarir al-Khatfi al-Tamimi: A historical and archaeological approach.

This research examines the biography of the great Umayyad poet Jarir al-Khatfi al-Tamimi and his original home in the town of Athithiya in the Al-Washm region. His homes are traced archaeologically and historically through fieldwork, using old geographical literature and oral interviews. Are there any remaining traces or architectural remains of his homes? On the other hand, the researcher traced his travels geographically and historically between Hajar al-Yamamah, Basra, Damascus, Mecca, and Medina... and reflected this on the poet's rich experience, culture, contrasts, and exchanges with the poets of his time... foremost among them the great poet Al-Farazdaq and others. All of this is in preparation for arriving at a historical and archaeological approach to the life of an immortal Arab cultural icon from the heart of the Arabian Peninsula and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ عبد اللطيف بن محمد الحميد أستاذ التاريخ والحضارة بكلية العلوم الاجتماعية - جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

The location of Ibn Amer's wall in Arafat: research and investigation

This research is concerned with studying and verifying the location of the wall or garden attributed to Abdullah bin Aamir bin Kurayz al-Abshami al-Qurashi (9-59 AH), which he built in Arafat, Makkah. The research will be divided into two sections; the first: discusses the biography of Abdullah bin Aamir and his construction works in Makkah, as well as his role in providing water sources in Makkah. The second section: focuses on the wall of Ibn Aamir in Arafat, in terms of determining its location and its relation to defining the boundaries of Arafat in Islamic jurisprudence. The study relied on original sources and field research by visiting the site of the wall and attempting to accurately locate it. The study is unique in its in-depth exploration of the subject and its investigation of the wall's accounts in historical, jurisprudential, and travelers' sources.

الدكتور / عبد الرحمن بن عايد المُفَضَّلِي أستاذ التاريخ الإسلامي المساعد بقسم التاريخ - جامعة أم القرى بمكة المكرمة

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

Clothing and Adornment in Eastern Arabia (132-656 AH)

Clothing and adornment represent an important aspect of civilized life, contributing to a close depiction of the region's identity and culture. The type of clothing, its materials, sources, and other related questions together shape the civilization of the area, influenced by various factors that help form general judgments about the region's social and economic behavior. This research studies the topics of clothing and adornment in Eastern Arabia from 132 to 656 AH, considering it a vast region blessed with growth and prosperity. Its unique location made it a target of ambitions and a focal point for conflicts, leading to a turbulent history marked by instability. This backdrop highlights the distinct way of life of the region's inhabitants compared to other areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The region is renowned for its textile production, which was a primary source of livelihood for its people and a key aspect of their trade. Clothing varied due to several factors, being influenced by social conditions while also affecting them. Distinctions arose between the clothing of the elite and the common people, the free and the enslaved, and Muslims and others. Additionally, there were various characteristics in terms of color and style. Both men and women had their specific garments, although there were also shared clothing items for both genders. With Islam's emphasis on beauty and encouragement towards adornment and refinement, a notable interest developed in methods of beautification, with women reaping the largest share. Women adorned themselves with jewelry, gemstones, kohl, and henna, while men took care of their appearance by wearing rings and dyeing their beards and hair with henna. The region’s inhabitants frequently used various types of perfumes, highlighting a collective appreciation for beauty and elegance.

الأستاذة/ أسماء خالد سلمان إدارة سياسات وتطوير المناهج وزارة التربية والتعليم - مملكة البحرين

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

Al-Yamamah, the eastern gateway to Hajj

The pilgrimage routes throughout history represent a research field that reveals significant political and cultural aspects of the entities and individuals connected to them. In many cases, these routes became arenas of competition, rivalry, and conflict over providing services to the routes and their travelers. Upon examining the research scope of pilgrimage routes, the study highlights the role of al-Yamama from ancient times. Al-Yamama was not merely a passage for pilgrimage caravans; it served as a gateway for assembling pilgrims from the northern, southern, and eastern regions of al-Yamama, as well as from adjacent geographical areas. Furthermore, it organized the departure of these pilgrims, ensuring the security and provisioning of the caravans, while offering them options for the safest and most convenient routes to Makkah. Historical sources have documented these caravans under the name "Pilgrims of al-Yamama," with an independent pilgrimage banner distinct from others. This banner sometimes included caravans from other regions, such as Basra, Kufa, Bahrain, Oman, and others. Keywords: Pilgrimage – Makkah – Al-Yamama – Pilgrimage routes – Pilgrimage systems.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ إبراهيم بن عطية الله السُّلمي أستاذ التاريخ – جامعة أم القرى

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

The ancient date-pasteurization workshops in the village of Al-Rakah: A comparative study of the history of date-pasteurization in the Arabian Gulf

The study addressed a central issue by exploring the extent of differences between the date syrup production pits (madabis) discovered in the archaeological site of Al-Rakah Village in Saudi Arabia and their counterparts in Darin Island, Bahrain, and Qatar. It examined these differences from cultural, technical, and architectural perspectives to understand the evolution of construction methods and techniques, as well as the impact of environmental factors and available materials on their design. And the study aimed to describe the madabis in Al-Rakah Village historically, technically, and architecturally and to compare them with those in Darin Island, Bahrain, and Qatar. It employed a descriptive approach to analyze and precisely describe the madabis of Al-Rakah Village and a comparative approach to understand the differences and similarities between the madabis in Al-Rakah and other regions like Darin, Bahrain, and Qatar. The study revealed the development of madabis construction techniques over time and highlighted significant similarities in their primary function of extracting date syrup. However, differences in design and materials used reflected cultural and technical diversity. Furthermore, the study identified notable differences between the madabis in Bahrain and Qatar compared to those in Al-Rakah, particularly in the design of the channels and construction materials. Then, the study recommended documenting and preserving historical madabis sites, supporting the continuity of traditional crafts related to date syrup production, conducting further comparative studies to understand the evolution of date syrup production techniques, and integrating traditional architectural features of the madabis into modern designs to enhance cultural identity.

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

Mecca and Medina in the writings of Andalusian historians (Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, d. 776 AH/1374 CE) as a model

This study deals with the references mentioned in the writings of the Andalusian historian Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib (d. 776 AH/1374 AD), through which the researcher was able to extract the importance and status of The land of the two holy mosques in his writings, especially the scientific status, and the role of the scholars of the Hijaz in transferring sciences and knowledge through what was mentioned in the biographies of Muslim scholars who visited the The land of the two holy mosques or the scholars of the The land of the two holy mosques themselves. The source of the study is the works of Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, the most important of which is his book Al-Ihata fi Akhbar Granada, and the references mentioned in it in the biographies of Muslim scholars who visited Granada and had visited the Hijaz, or the Granadan scholars who visited the Hijaz. The researcher monitored these references and collected them in one topic about the status of the Hijaz in Ibn al-Khatib’s mind and the scientific status of the Hijaz through these references. The study is divided into three sections. The first section is entitled “Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib.” The second section is entitled “The Sanctity of the Lands of the Mecca and Medina.” The third section is entitled “The Scientific Status of the Lands of the Mecca and Medina.”

الدكتورة/ إيمان بنت دخيل الله العصيمي أستاذ التاريخ الإسلامي المشارك بقسم التاريخ- جامعة أم القرى