Scientific Publications

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

The second rulers of Diriyah before the establishment of the first Saudi state, based on local sources.

The Emirs of the Second Diriyah Before the Establishment of the First Saudi State in Light of Local Sources This research examines the chronology of rule in Diriyah after its founding by Prince Mani' bin Rabi'ah al-Muraidi, and the most prominent princes who assumed power during the period between 1446 and 1727, when Imam Muhammad bin Saud founded the First Saudi State. The study traced texts found in local historical sources, by many historians such as Ibn Bishr, Ibn Lebun, al-Fakhri, Ibn Essa, and other historians, and attempted to list those who assumed the emirate based on these texts. The study concluded with a list of these 19 princes.

الدكتور/ محمد بن علي العبداللطيف عضو هيئة تدريس بقسم التاريخ - جامعة الملك سعود والمدير التنفيذي لإدارة البحوث والنشر بدارة الملك عبدالعزيز - الرياض

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

The eminent scholar and jurist Ahmad al-Hafzi ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Ajili (His life and works)

This research deals with a detailed study of one of the distinguished Asiri scientific and social figures, belonging to a long-standing family in science and social status at the level of the Arabian Peninsula in general, and its south in particular, namely the family of Al-Bakri Al-Ajili, especially the most prominent of its scholars and scientists, who had a great reputation in science, education, reform, and calling to Allah Almighty in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries Hijri. In his community, he had the upper hand in writing, reading, reforming among the people, spreading science, opening educational circles, and dictating lessons to those who attend the science circles in their mosque in their town “Rujal”, or in their other village “Athalif” in the Rijal Almaa region; where these two schools before the arrival of the first Saudi state became centers of knowledge that attracted a number of students from Asir, from outside it, and even from some countries outside the Arabian Peninsula, whether from Indian pilgrims, Jabart, and others.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ محمد بن منصور الحاوي قسم التاريخ - كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية - جامعة الملك خالد

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

Endowments and social solidarity in Oman in light of the book "Introduction to the Foundations of Faith" by Sheikh Saeed bin Khalfan Al-Khalili

Introduction: The importance of the endowment in the Islamic society because it contributes to social solidarity, and derives its legitimacy from the Holy Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet and the consensus of Muslim scholars, and its truth is to lock up a certain money as an ongoing charity that meets the continuous benefits of society. The study is based on Sheikh Said Al-Khalili's seventh-volume Preface to the Rules of Faith, which means the third volume, which deals with the endowment and its banks, as societies today face destitution, lack of income and high living. Objectives: The research aims to shed light on the importance of the endowment in our time, and its containment of society in the values of social solidarity as a sustainable social development for the individual and the group, in order to pay the damage, and meet their necessary needs, which are originally the responsibility of society and the state. Methodology: The research takes the descriptive and analytical approach in achieving the objectives of the research from the reality of the importance of the endowment and its sustainable entity. The research methodology is divided into an introduction and three axes; the introduction focused on introducing the endowment, and also includes introducing the book Preface to the Rules of Faith and its author. The first axis deals with the types and forms of endowment, while the second axis focuses on the expenses of the endowment, old and new, and the third axis is devoted to the contribution of the endowment to social solidarity, in which Islam applies doctrine, worship, law, system, morality and behavior, as well as zakat and charity. It embodies the individual's awareness of his social responsibility and increases his sense of community issues. Keywords: endowment, introductory book, social solidarity, social development.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ سعيد بن محمد الهاشمي أستاذ متفرغ التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر - جامعة السلطان قابوس

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

The British-French rivalry over key trading centers in the Arabian Gulf in the late 19th century

The Arabian Gulf has been of great importance since ancient times to this day, as it is the living artery that connects the East and the West, and through its ports and commercial centers, various goods and products are transported due to its distinguished strategic location, which made it the focus of attention of the colonial countries that competed over it throughout the previous centuries, especially at the end of the nineteenth century between France and Britain. Oman alone was afflicted with three issues that caused British-French relations to reach a state of crisis between the two parties, which almost led to devastating wars between them as a result of Britain's keenness to close any gap through which any European colonial influence might be able to infiltrate the region in order to secure their renewed interests in the Indian continent. Since the end of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763 AD) between Britain and France, Britain's interest in the Arabian Gulf changed. It was no longer commercial as before, but rather became more political. Consequently, their desire to dominate and monopolize the region increased, especially with the decline of the Dutch in the Arabian Gulf region. The British thought that they had monopolized the region, only to be surprised by the fierce competition of the French, which ignited the flames of wars and conflicts between them. Perhaps the most important issues that worsened the relationship between the two parties, specifically in Oman, were the issue of the French establishing a coal station in Bandar Jissah, the issue of raising the French flag on Omani ships, and the issue of the spread of weapons and ammunition in Oman and the Arabian Gulf. These three issues occurred simultaneously during the reign of Sultan Faisal bin Turki Al Busaidi (1864-1913).‏

الأستاذة/ حليمة علي النقبي طالبة دكتوراه تاريخ حديث - جامعة الشارقة

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

'iisdarat aljunih aldhahab alsueudia aldawafie walmasar 1370 - 1377h/1952 - 1958m

This research presents the historical framework for the issuance of the Saudi gold pound during the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1370 AH/1952 AD, and the second issue in the name of King Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1376 AH/1958 AD. The study will address the reasons that prompted both King Abdulaziz and King Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud to issue the Saudi gold pound, the role played by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency in preparing for these issues, studying the styles, writings and shapes of these pounds and analyzing their content, and the economic role played by the Saudi pound in monetary life at the local and global levels, through a comprehensive study of the position of the Saudi gold pound against global currencies. The study will include tables showing the exchange rates of the Saudi gold pound, and the study will include pictures of the pounds that I published in the research and the transcription of the writings of the published coins.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ أحمد محمد يوسف عبدالقادر أستاذ النقود الإسلامية بكلية الآثار - جامعة القاهرة

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

Traditional medicine in the Jazan region during the period (1300-1350 AH/1882-1931 AD): A historical study

عانت منطقة جازان؛ كغيرها من مناطق المملكة العربية السعودية ولاسيما قبل وصول الخدمات الصحية الحديثة إليها في عهد الملك عبدالعزيز - رحمه الله - من انتشار الكثير من الأمراض الفتاكة التي أودت بكثير من الأرواح, على الرغم من وجود بعض الوسائل العلاجية البدائية أو ما يُسمى بالطب الشعبي, ولذا فإن هذه الدراسة تتناول موضوع الطب الشعبي في منطقة جازان خلال النصف الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الهجري/التاسع عشر الميلادي, وذلك من خلال تمهيد ومبحثين رئيسيين, حيث يعرض التمهيد مفهوم الطب الشعبي لدى سكان المنطقة, وأسباب انتشار الأمراض فيها, أما المبحث الأول فيتناول أهم أسباب انتشار الأمراض في المنطقة خلال مدة الدراسة وأبرز الأدوات الطبية المستخدمة لعلاج تلك الأمراض, وأما المبحث الثاني فيتناول عرضًا لأهم الأمراض في المنطقة وطرق علاجها من خلال الطب الشعبي.

الدكتور/ محمد بن جابر يحيى الخالدي المالكي أستاذ التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر المشارك - جامعة الملك خالد

Issue 23 Book 31 Mar 2025

Limits and standards for developing handcrafted products

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a long tradition of traditional crafts belonging to local cultural groups of Arab tribes endemic in all regions of the Kingdom, leaving behind the indicators of a sophisticated culture of these crafts. These human groups have succeeded in their artistic techniques, designs and decorative elements. These crafts have valuable products that pay for needs that are essential to people's old daily lives. These crafts and their products are no longer a cultural heritage that inherits generations and enjoys only the Kingdom's support and attention, but a vital sector that plays an important economic role. There is no doubt that traditional crafts products require creativity, innovation and development in response to cultural variables, the realization of desires and needs, and the creation of competition for other products leading to the continuity and preservation of crafts. It is important to establish limits and standards for this development that ensure the preservation of the national authenticity and identity of artisanal products and create competition with others. Particularly in the light of the proliferation of indiscriminate products and the experience of some modest craftsmen, and the lack of emphasis on authenticity and identity; Although there is a significant cultural movement in the field of crafts and traditional industries in Saudi Arabia, and interest in their products, there is no clear mechanism for the limits and standards of the development of these crafts' products. This paper aims to highlight the development of artisanal products and the limits and standards of such development through the elements of this paper: to clarify the concept and importance of trades and traditional industries, to define and classify artisanal products and to address the difference between the product industry and its development, as well as to illustrate the importance and objectives of development and the development mechanism so that products do not lose their authenticity as a cultural heritage reflecting their national identity. The results of the development and its impact on the continuity of trades and traditional industries.

الدكتورة/ دليّل بنت مطلق بن شافي القحطاني مديرة إدارة الدراسات والأبحاث بشركة اثارنا الدولية

Issue 19 Journal 31 Mar 2024

ظاهرة اهتزاز وزلزلة السماء والأرض في النصوص المصرية القديمة

يتناول هذا البحث المفردات والتراكيب التي استخدمها المصريون القدماء للتعبير عن اضطرابات السماء والأرض، مثل: mnmn، sdA، qi، hmhmt، nhnhA، nhm، nwT، nwr وتختلف هذه المصطلحات في دقتها ودلالاتها، وقد فسّرت العديد من النصوص أسباب هذه الظواهر، منها ما هو إلهي مرتبط بالآلهة والقوى الكونية، ومنها ما هو طبيعي كاضطراب الأرض، والظواهر الجوية، والأحداث الفلكية. كما تناولت النصوص تأثير هذه الظواهر على البيئة مثل المطر والظلام، وعلى الإنسان من حيث الانفعالات النفسية.

الدكتور/ وليد محمد صفائي

Issue 19 Journal 31 Mar 2024

Musnad inscriptions from the Temple of Shabʿān in Wadiī Ḥarīb - Marib Governorate. And new data about the religious and administrative functions in the ancient Yemeni temples during the second half of the first millennium BC.

This paper analyzes three Musnad inscriptions that were found in the Temple of God Ḥawkam known as Shabʿān (bytn šbʿn) in the town of Maryamah (Hajar al-ʿAdī) in Wadi Ḥarīb. This temple was looted and destroyed in previous years, which led to the loss of much of its archaeological and cultural heritage. According to the writing style of these inscriptions, they date back to around the third century BC. The importance of these inscriptions lies in the fact that they identify a variety of religious and administrative functions and positions held by a variety of priests and officials responsible for the care of the Qatabanian temples in the Bayḥān Valley and Ḥarīb, where a number of important ancient Yemeni towns arose in the first millennium BC. The inscriptions under investigation also corrected the significance of a number of previously recognized functions and included some names of deities, flags, families, locations and terms of importance in ancient Yemeni inscriptions.

الدكتور/ محمد بن علي الحاج

Issue 19 Journal 31 Mar 2024

The Praetorian Guard and the protection of the Roman Emperor in the second and third centuries AD

This research deals with the role of the Praetorian Guard in Roman politics in the second and third centuries AD. The Praetorian Guard was formed during the reign of Emperor Augustus in 27 BC, and its primary mission was to protect the emperor and his family, but its role soon expanded to include protecting the capital, Rome, and securing it from internal strife. Protecting homes from thieves’ attacks, participating in putting out fires, and securing sports games and theatrical performances in the city. In the second and third centuries AD, the Praetorian Guard continued to perform its traditional functions, but it also played a prominent political role, as its leaders were able to interfere in the selection of the emperor, isolate each other, or were able to occupy the throne themselves. Several factors contributed to the expansion of the political role of the Praetorian Guard, including: • The weakness of the emperors in that period, which provided the opportunity for the guards to interfere in political affairs. • Frequent political conflicts in Rome, which made the Guard a military force required by various political parties. • The stability of the Praetorian Guard in the capital, Rome, made it closer to political events and more able to influence them. The research concluded that the Praetorian Guard was an important political force in the Roman Empire in the second and third centuries AD, as it played a prominent role in political events and contributed to destabilizing political stability in the empire.

الأستاذة الدكتورة/ فتحية بنت حسين عقاب أستاذ التاريخ القديم بجامعة الملك سعود

الأستاذ/ عبدالعالم أحمد حمود مجاهد طالب دكتوراه بقسم التاريخ - جامعة الملك سعود