مجلة الخليج للتاريخ والآثار - العدد العشرون

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

الدلالات الثقافية للحصان في الفنون الصخرية بشمال غرب المملكة العربية السعودية

كشفت أعمال المسوحات لواجهات الفنون الصخرية عن كثير من صور الحصان في مناطق تبوك والجوف والعلا ونيوم، وفي الشويمس وراطب وجبة بجان. وتنوعت الموضوعات التي ظهر الحصان فيها، فأحيانًا يُصوَّر مقترنًا بنصوص رمزية للتعبير عن الاعتزاز بمكانته، واستخدم أيضًا في أعمال القتال والفروسية والصيد لبعض الحيوانات والطيور، كما ارتبط في بعض المشاهد ببحر العرب. يدل ذلك على أن الفنان قد صوّر مشاهد من بيئته أو على الأقل نقلها من بيئة أخرى قريبة منه، ما يشير إلى أن مناطق شمال غرب المملكة العربية السعودية كانت صالحة لمعيشة الحصان خلال هذه العصور القديمة، كما يُحتمل أن تكون جزيرة العرب أحد أقدم مناطق استئناس الحصان.

الدكتور/ حسني عبد الحليم عمار أستاذ مساعد - قسم الآثار - كلية السياحة والآثار - جامعة الملك سعود

الدكتور/ محمد بن علي الديري

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

الغذاء في جنوب غرب الجزيرة العربية من القرن الأول إلى بدايات القرن السابع الميلادي

Keywords: Food; Beverages; Southwest Arabia.

الأستاذة الدكتورة/ فتحية بنت حسين عقاب أستاذ التاريخ القديم بجامعة الملك سعود

الأستاذ/ عبدالعالم أحمد حمود مجاهد طالب دكتوراه بقسم التاريخ - جامعة الملك سعود

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

The Tribal Chief among the Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula before Islam: A Historical and Cultural Study of His Political, Economic, and Social Role during the 6th and 7th Centuries CE

The tribal sheikh in pre-Islamic Arabia held a significant position within his tribe, as he was a source of happiness for them. He symbolized generosity, courage, and possessed a big heart and eloquent speech. Under his leadership, tribal issues were resolved, harmony was restored, and everyone lived in peace, love, and tranquility. He assisted those in need, forgave mistakes, fostered hope, and cultivated feelings of affection in the hearts of the people.

الدكتور/ سلطان أحمد الغامدي أستاذ مشارك - جامعة أم القرى

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

The city of Hajar and its seasonal market: their location relative to the city of Riyadh today

This study is an attempt to identify the location of the city of Ḥajr and its seasonal market within contemporary Riyadh. Despite Ḥajr being one of the most significant ancient cities in the Arabian Peninsula, scholars have disagreed on its precise location. Some have placed it in the Al-Dira neighborhood, which is the center of present-day Riyadh, while others have located it in the Al-Kharab (Al-Jaradiyah) area, southwest of Asir Street. A third scholar posits that its location is not within Riyadh at all, but rather in the Al-Kharj governorate. This study seeks to discuss these conclusions based on the evidence provided by the scholars regarding the location of Ḥajr and its seasonal market, and it aims to establish this location using new historical, geographical, and archaeological evidence that has not been addressed in previous studies.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ عبدالله بن محمد السيف قسم التاريخ- جامعة الملك سعود

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

Islamic inscriptions dated to the site of Dedan (Al-Khuraybah)

The study group of inscriptions is located on the facade of Mount Dedan (Dedan - Al-Khuraybah) in Al-Ula Governorate, in the form of three groups, the first on the northern side facing the Islamic fort, the second next to the family tombs, and the third on the southern side next to the lion tombs. The study includes six inscriptions, including three dated inscriptions, two of which date back to the beginning of the fourth century AH/tenth century AD 311 AH/923 AD, 312 AH/924 AD. The third is from the beginning of the fifth century AH - the eleventh century AD 417 AH / 1026 AD. The study relies on the development of the shape of the letters on the rock facades, which differ in their development from tombstones or manuscripts on papyrus and paper. The importance of these dated inscriptions lies in the fact that they correspond to the period of the Islamic fortress at the site of Deden, which dates back to the Abbasid-Fatimid period.

الأستاذ/ فؤاد بن حسن العامر باحث آثار سعودي ومدير متحف الآثار -جامعة الملك سعود سابقاً

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

Al-Juhfa in Islamic Times (1-625 AH/622-1227 AD) (A Historical Study)

The Islamic world is rich in historically significant geographical regions, which is not surprising given its role as the cradle of civilization. Among these significant regions, some have gained additional importance due to their status as religious landmarks frequented by Muslims during their rituals. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) designated specific spatial locations for Hajj and Umrah rituals, one of them is the Miqat of Al Juhfa. Given the religious significance of Al Juhfa, I decided to study its history during the period (1-625 AH / 622-1227 CE), as Al Juhfa flourished during this time before its decline and destruction (569-625 AH / 1173-1227 CE). The research is divided into three main sections: Firstly, the geography of Al Juhfa Region. Secondly, the Political Conditions. Thirdly, the Civilizational Conditions. The research concluded with several findings, including: - Al Juhfa was a thriving village inhabited by residents until it was abandoned and destroyed during a time frame that appears to span from the second half of the sixth century specifically after the year (569 AH / 1173 CE) to the first quarter of the seventh century, concluding in the year (625 AH / 1227 CE.( - There are two Al Juhfas: the first, which is the focus of this research, was destroyed and abandoned, and the second is the modern Al Juhfa. - Al Juhfa occupies a significant historical and religious location as it lies on the route connecting Mecca and Medina, making it the main station for travelers, including pilgrims and others. - Al Juhfa was inhabited before the advent of Islam, with its history tracing back to the Era of the Amalekites

الأستاذ / علي عبدالله نسر طالب دكتوراه بقسم التاريخ - كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية - جامعة الملك سعود

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

The virtues of the Companions of the Pledge of Ridwan, and the results and lessons from the pledge.

This research deals with the pledge of allegiance to Al -Radwan, which is one of the most important historical studies in the history of Islam, as it focuses on various aspects of this important pledge of allegiance, as the first topic deals with the definition of the pledge of allegiance and its importance as a historical station to embody the unity of Muslims, while the second topic reviews the events of Al -Radwan pledge of allegiance, its causes and conditions with a focus on Its events, and the third topic highlights the people of Al -Radwan pledge of allegiance, their virtue and their role, and the fourth topic reviews the results of the pledge of allegiance and lessons learned from them, stressing its impact on promoting unity and loyalty to religion and society, and extracts historical lessons useful for Muslims. Keywords: Allegiance to Radwan, the Prophet's biography, historical influence, social cohesion

الدكتورة/ نجلاء محمد عويض المطيري أستاذ مشارك التاريخ الإسلامي - جامعة الجوف

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

Water installations in Mecca and their impact on public life during the early Abbasid era (132-232 AH / 750-846 AD)

This research addresses the most significant water facilities - according to the sources - in Mecca during the first Abbasid era. This period was marked by the strength of the caliphate, the caliphs' focus on the stability of the Islamic state by making a flourishing civilization in various fields. It also highlights a due care to the two sacred cities by providing the needs of its residents and visitors, including pilgrims, worshippers, and those residing near the sacred cities and others. The research addresses the two main factors: First factor: Types of water facilities in Mecca during the first Abbasid era, such as wells, springs, reservoirs, water factories, and other facilities. Second factor: The impact of these water facilities on public life in Mecca during the first Abbasid era, with a particular focus on the significance of these facilities

الأستاذة/ ليلى بنت سليمان العومي قسم التاريخ- جامعة الملك سعود

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

Malik ibn Tawq al-Taghlibi and his political and cultural influence in the Abbasid state (d. 260 AH/ 873 AD)

The Euphrates Island was distinguished by its important geographical and strategic location, as it is the link between the Levant and Iraq, and it gained great importance for the Abbasid Caliphate ; it is natural that this importance had a great impact on the policy of the Abbasid Caliphate in appointing princes and leaders with a degree of military and administrative competence to limit the hostile movements in the island against the Caliphate. The researcher chose the topic; (Malik bin Touq Al-Taghlabi and his political and civilizational impact on the Abbasid state) (d. 260 AH / 873 AD). The method followed in this research is the method of description and analysis, and the research consists of an introduction and main axes . First: Entitled: Malik bin Touq, the owner of Al-Rahba The second: entitled: The civilizational dimension of the city of Rahba The third: entitled: His charitable works The fourth: entitled: The status of Malik bin Touq in the Abbasid state The fifth: entitled: The civilizational features of the city of Rahba, including the (urban - agricultural - trade - industry - scientific) aspect Then the researcher summarized the results of the research and recommendations in the conclusion, and attached a number of explanatory appendices.

الدكتورة/ شريفة بنت محمد العتيبي أستاذ التاريخ الإسلامي المساعد - كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية - جامعة الأميرة نورة بنت عبدالرحمن

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

The trials of scholars in Yemen, as seen through the book: (The Precious Necklace of the Most Excellent in the Classes of the Great People of Yemen) by its author Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Khazraji (d. 812 AH/ 1409 AD)

This study focuses on the troubles faced by Scholars in Yemen as documented in the Book: Al-Eqd Al-Faakher Al-Hasan Fi Tabaqat Akaber Ahlul-Yaman (The Elegant Pearl in the Classes of the Great Notables of Yemen) by Abu Al-Hasan Ali Al-Khazraji (d.812.AH). The study explores the various hardships that Yemeni scholars encountered, which are a manifestation of Allah's law upon His Faithful Servants. These trials were not uniform; some scholars faced death, while others were imprisoned, tortured, had their wealth confiscated, or suffered from afflictions such as poverty and illness. The reasons leading to their trials varied, often stemming from slander, enmity, or cunning plots against them. Additionally, some faced repercussions due to their reluctance to taking up positions entrusted to them or their inclination to support one political faction over another. This study relies heavily on Al-Khazraji's book, which is considered a significant reference in the biographies of Yemeni figures across different social strata. Finally, the research concludes with a summary of key findings and recommendations. Keywords: troubles, scholars, murder, imprisonment, confiscation, illness.

الدكتورة/ سمر عبدالله الأحمدي أستاذ مساعد بقسم العلوم الاجتماعية كلية الآداب – جامعة الطائف

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

Pages from the history of the Kingdom of Hormuz, its resources, the expenditures of its kings, and some of its currency up until the arrival of the Portuguese in 913 AH/1507 AD

أفرز مجتمع الخليج العربي زعامات سياسية معتمدة على قوة اقتصادية وكثرة أتباعها الذين يدينون لها بالتبعية الاقتصادية، وأنهم في قوتهم يوازون قوة الشيوخ والحكّام، وهؤلاء هم تجار اللؤلؤ والخيول وأصحاب السفن، لذا لا بد من الإشارة إلى هرموز ميناء كرمان, وهي مدينة كثيرة النخيل شديدة الحرارة، وأن هرموز العتيقة قد خربت من غارات التتر، وأن أهلها انتقلوا عنها إلى جزيرة في البحر تُسمّى جرون، وهي جزيرة قريبة إلى البر غرب هرموز العتيقة، وتقع قبالة عُمان

الدكتور/ عبداللطيف بن ناصر الحميدان أستاذ مشارك بقسم التاريخ - جامعة الملك سعود "سابقًا"

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

Events in the Al-Jawf region... as documented in an Ottoman document from 1292 AH/1875 AD

This study presents the most prominent events in the Al-Jouf region in the late era of the Saudi state, after the death of Faisal bin Turki and the entry of his sons into civil conflicts, leading to the weakness of the second Saudi state, Which had a negative impact on the Al-Jouf region, which provided the opportunity for the Ottoman forces in that period to impose their control over the Al-Jouf region, The governors of the Ottoman Empire in both Syria and Medina exploited these circumstances in their attempt to extend their influence over the Al-Jouf region and demand that the region belong to their jurisdiction, These events also led to Ibn al-Rashid’s bad policy in the Al-Jouf region and his resort to brutality with its people. The study shows the great effort made by the Ottoman governor of Syria to subject the Al-Jouf region to his jurisdiction in Syria, His pledge to the Grand Vizier to give the Al-Jouf region the attention it deserves. This study relied on the Ottoman document dating back to 1292 AH/1875 AD. Keywords: Al-Jouf, Hail, Arabian Desert, Abn Alrashid, The Saudi state, Syria.

الأستاذ الدكتور/ نايف بن علي السنيد جامعة الجوف

الدكتورة/ صفاء بنت نزال الدهام جامعة الجوف

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

The Iraqi Hajj route between Hail and Baghdad, as described by the traveler Charles Hooper in 1881 AD/1298 AH

Charles Huber is a French traveler who made an exploratory trip to the Arabian Peninsula between 1878-1881 AD. His journey included some cities in northern Arabia, northern Hijaz, and Qassim. He concluded his journey in 1881 AD from the city of Hail, departing with the Iraqi Hajj caravan returning from Makkah via the Iraqi Hajj route until the city of Baghdad, and from this point, he left to France. This study focuses on his journey with the Hajj caravan and his description of the caravan organization and components, along with his description of Iraqi Hajj route between Hail and Baghdad and its archaeological monuments in that period.

الدكتور/ سعيد بن دبيس العتيبي مستشار آثار في هيئة التراث بالمملكة العربية السعودية

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

The Battles of Al-Bukayriyah and Al-Shananah, 1322 AH/1904 AD: A Historical Study

The purpose of this research is to address the issue of the battle between the Bakiriya and Shanana, given their primary importance in uniting the country. The first time King Abdulaziz's strength and wise policy began to emerge, he highlighted his role in the annexation of Al-Qasim, the elimination of the influence of Al-Rachid and the Ottoman empire, and his profile as a politician.The Ottoman empire, after defeating it in the battle of Shanana, sought to negotiate with him as the governor of Najd and Al-Qasim. The research followed a historical, descriptive, and analytical approach. It was divided into a historical overview of the situations before and after the battles of the Bakiriya and Shanana, focusing on two elements: the Battle of Bakiriya, its causes, its most important events, and its consequences, and the situation after the Battle of Shanana and the conclusion of its most important findings. Najd, Al-Qassim, Unaizah, Buraidah, Al-Bukayriyah, Shanana, King Abdulaziz Ibn Rashid, the Ottoman Empire.

الأستاذة/ هنوف عبد العزيز السهلي طالبة دكتوراه بقسم التاريخ والآثار - كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية - جامعة الملك خالد

Issue 20 Journal 01 Apr 2025

The palaces of the Emirate in the Al-Jawf region during the reign of King Abdulaziz (Dumat Al-Jandal - Al-Shuwayhitiyah) as a model: A historical and cultural study

King Abdul Aziz, may God have mercy on him, was able to establish a large, sprawling state that included the Al-Jawf region, which entered his rule in 1340 AH/1921 AD. He appointed princes before him for these regions, which required building centers for this emirate. From this standpoint, this study came under the title: “Palaces.” The emirate in the Al-Jawf region during the reign of King Abdul Aziz (Dumat Al-Jandal - Al-Shuwaihtiyya) is a model for a “historical and cultural study”, which aims to clarify the architectural structure of these two palaces and their uses. The study was based on a field visit to these two palaces and the descriptive approach to them. Keywords: Dumat Al-Jandal - Al-Jawf - Emirate Palaces - Al-Shuwaihtiya.

الدكتورة/ مها بنت سعيد اليزيدي أستاذ مشارك التاريخ الحديث - جامعة الجوف

Scientific Publications

Scientific Publications