سلسلة مداولات علمية محكمة للقاء العلمي السنوي لجمعية التاريخ و الآثار - 23
تكشف منطقة الصبية اليوم عن أدلة جديدة على قدم الاستيطان في أرض الكويت، وقدرة الانسان على التكيف والعيش والاستفادة من موارد الطبيعة لبداية الحضار ة في منطقة الخليج العربي
The importance lies in the fact that it is the first inscription of King Shkr or Shaker bin Hasha’t. An inscription of him has not previously been discovered in Dedan, and he is considered the eighth king of Dedan to be uncovered. Secondly, it is the second inscription of a king of Deden to be revealed outside of Deden (Al-Ula Governorate). An inscription of King Muta’ El bin Karb El was previously revealed in Wadi Hasma, and inscriptions of the kings of the Lhyanic of Deden were previously revealed, including an inscription of the king congratulating Aws in Wadi Hasma. Lhyanic inscriptions in Taima. He also revealed inscriptions written in Aramaic by the King of Lhyan. This indicates the spread of the control of the Dadanic and after them the Lhyanic over the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula, especially in the region located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. key words: Dadan, Shaker, King of Dadan, Mata’ Al King of Dadan, Dadanic inscription.
After studying ancient Arabic inscriptions, they have proven to be among the most important historical sources for understanding the past of the Arabian Peninsula’s inhabitants during pre-Islamic eras. These inscriptions document significant topics related to the history and culture of the region. Ancient Arabic inscriptions are a primary source for historians and researchers studying the history of Arabia, and they also serve as tangible evidence portraying various practices of ancient Arab society in all aspects of daily life, including religious beliefs, social customs, political affiliations, and trade relations. Women had their share in these inscriptions, reflecting their social, religious, and political roles. One of the most notable sites mentioning the diverse roles of women is the Al-‘Ula region’s northwest site of Jabal Ikmah, located just 7 kilometers from the city center. These inscriptions reveal that women held various roles and responsibilities, comparable to men, sharing tasks, and offering sacrifices from their wealth, palm trees, camels, and agricultural lands to the main deity, Dhu Ghaybah. The significance of this study lies in its focus on Lihyanite inscriptions that mention women’s roles in ancient Arab society, an area that has not received sufficient in-depth study. By examining their cultural content, it is certain that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the history of the Lihyanite society and Arab society in general. It will particularly shed light on the religious, social, political, and economic conditions prevailing during the first millennium BCE in the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula. The scientific research addresses a set of inscriptions that mention women’s names and roles, especially from Jabal Ikmah in Al-‘Ula Governorate. To date, over 40 inscriptions have been discovered, with the study focusing on 12 of them. The primary aim is to analyze their cultural content to uncover the distinctive roles of women and the professions they held in ancient Arab society.
The scholars of Draa, like other scholars of Morocco, were interested in documenting the news of their pilgrimage, scientific or embassies. They took the same path as their predecessors in the past, followed their footsteps and followed their approach. We were able to count more than fifteen documented journeys between the tenth and thirteenth Hijri years/16-19 AD. This period is classified among the most prominent historical periods during which the Moroccan journey to the Hijaz region flourished. This was evident in what the Moroccan scholars who visited the region during that period wrote of various travel texts that included precise details about its social life and its political, cultural and economic conditions. Among the recorded journeys about a pilgrimage from Zawiya Tamgrout in Morocco to the Hijaz is the journey of Sheikh Ahmed bin Sheikh Mohammed bin Nasser Al-Dar’i, Abu Al-Abbas, known as the Caliph (1121 AH/1709 AD). It is a journey worthy of study and investigation, as it contains scientific information, historical information, and socio-economic events. To achieve this purpose, I divided the subject into four main points: 1- The author of the journey 2- The content of the journey. 3- Description of Medina and its conditions. 4- Conclusion and conclusions.
This research examines the biography of the great Umayyad poet Jarir al-Khatfi al-Tamimi and his original home in the town of Athithiya in the Al-Washm region. His homes are traced archaeologically and historically through fieldwork, using old geographical literature and oral interviews. Are there any remaining traces or architectural remains of his homes? On the other hand, the researcher traced his travels geographically and historically between Hajar al-Yamamah, Basra, Damascus, Mecca, and Medina... and reflected this on the poet's rich experience, culture, contrasts, and exchanges with the poets of his time... foremost among them the great poet Al-Farazdaq and others. All of this is in preparation for arriving at a historical and archaeological approach to the life of an immortal Arab cultural icon from the heart of the Arabian Peninsula and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
This research is concerned with studying and verifying the location of the wall or garden attributed to Abdullah bin Aamir bin Kurayz al-Abshami al-Qurashi (9-59 AH), which he built in Arafat, Makkah. The research will be divided into two sections; the first: discusses the biography of Abdullah bin Aamir and his construction works in Makkah, as well as his role in providing water sources in Makkah. The second section: focuses on the wall of Ibn Aamir in Arafat, in terms of determining its location and its relation to defining the boundaries of Arafat in Islamic jurisprudence. The study relied on original sources and field research by visiting the site of the wall and attempting to accurately locate it. The study is unique in its in-depth exploration of the subject and its investigation of the wall's accounts in historical, jurisprudential, and travelers' sources.
Clothing and adornment represent an important aspect of civilized life, contributing to a close depiction of the region's identity and culture. The type of clothing, its materials, sources, and other related questions together shape the civilization of the area, influenced by various factors that help form general judgments about the region's social and economic behavior. This research studies the topics of clothing and adornment in Eastern Arabia from 132 to 656 AH, considering it a vast region blessed with growth and prosperity. Its unique location made it a target of ambitions and a focal point for conflicts, leading to a turbulent history marked by instability. This backdrop highlights the distinct way of life of the region's inhabitants compared to other areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The region is renowned for its textile production, which was a primary source of livelihood for its people and a key aspect of their trade. Clothing varied due to several factors, being influenced by social conditions while also affecting them. Distinctions arose between the clothing of the elite and the common people, the free and the enslaved, and Muslims and others. Additionally, there were various characteristics in terms of color and style. Both men and women had their specific garments, although there were also shared clothing items for both genders. With Islam's emphasis on beauty and encouragement towards adornment and refinement, a notable interest developed in methods of beautification, with women reaping the largest share. Women adorned themselves with jewelry, gemstones, kohl, and henna, while men took care of their appearance by wearing rings and dyeing their beards and hair with henna. The region’s inhabitants frequently used various types of perfumes, highlighting a collective appreciation for beauty and elegance.
The pilgrimage routes throughout history represent a research field that reveals significant political and cultural aspects of the entities and individuals connected to them. In many cases, these routes became arenas of competition, rivalry, and conflict over providing services to the routes and their travelers. Upon examining the research scope of pilgrimage routes, the study highlights the role of al-Yamama from ancient times. Al-Yamama was not merely a passage for pilgrimage caravans; it served as a gateway for assembling pilgrims from the northern, southern, and eastern regions of al-Yamama, as well as from adjacent geographical areas. Furthermore, it organized the departure of these pilgrims, ensuring the security and provisioning of the caravans, while offering them options for the safest and most convenient routes to Makkah. Historical sources have documented these caravans under the name "Pilgrims of al-Yamama," with an independent pilgrimage banner distinct from others. This banner sometimes included caravans from other regions, such as Basra, Kufa, Bahrain, Oman, and others. Keywords: Pilgrimage – Makkah – Al-Yamama – Pilgrimage routes – Pilgrimage systems.
The study addressed a central issue by exploring the extent of differences between the date syrup production pits (madabis) discovered in the archaeological site of Al-Rakah Village in Saudi Arabia and their counterparts in Darin Island, Bahrain, and Qatar. It examined these differences from cultural, technical, and architectural perspectives to understand the evolution of construction methods and techniques, as well as the impact of environmental factors and available materials on their design. And the study aimed to describe the madabis in Al-Rakah Village historically, technically, and architecturally and to compare them with those in Darin Island, Bahrain, and Qatar. It employed a descriptive approach to analyze and precisely describe the madabis of Al-Rakah Village and a comparative approach to understand the differences and similarities between the madabis in Al-Rakah and other regions like Darin, Bahrain, and Qatar. The study revealed the development of madabis construction techniques over time and highlighted significant similarities in their primary function of extracting date syrup. However, differences in design and materials used reflected cultural and technical diversity. Furthermore, the study identified notable differences between the madabis in Bahrain and Qatar compared to those in Al-Rakah, particularly in the design of the channels and construction materials. Then, the study recommended documenting and preserving historical madabis sites, supporting the continuity of traditional crafts related to date syrup production, conducting further comparative studies to understand the evolution of date syrup production techniques, and integrating traditional architectural features of the madabis into modern designs to enhance cultural identity.
This study deals with the references mentioned in the writings of the Andalusian historian Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib (d. 776 AH/1374 AD), through which the researcher was able to extract the importance and status of The land of the two holy mosques in his writings, especially the scientific status, and the role of the scholars of the Hijaz in transferring sciences and knowledge through what was mentioned in the biographies of Muslim scholars who visited the The land of the two holy mosques or the scholars of the The land of the two holy mosques themselves. The source of the study is the works of Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, the most important of which is his book Al-Ihata fi Akhbar Granada, and the references mentioned in it in the biographies of Muslim scholars who visited Granada and had visited the Hijaz, or the Granadan scholars who visited the Hijaz. The researcher monitored these references and collected them in one topic about the status of the Hijaz in Ibn al-Khatib’s mind and the scientific status of the Hijaz through these references. The study is divided into three sections. The first section is entitled “Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib.” The second section is entitled “The Sanctity of the Lands of the Mecca and Medina.” The third section is entitled “The Scientific Status of the Lands of the Mecca and Medina.”
The Emirs of the Second Diriyah Before the Establishment of the First Saudi State in Light of Local Sources This research examines the chronology of rule in Diriyah after its founding by Prince Mani' bin Rabi'ah al-Muraidi, and the most prominent princes who assumed power during the period between 1446 and 1727, when Imam Muhammad bin Saud founded the First Saudi State. The study traced texts found in local historical sources, by many historians such as Ibn Bishr, Ibn Lebun, al-Fakhri, Ibn Essa, and other historians, and attempted to list those who assumed the emirate based on these texts. The study concluded with a list of these 19 princes.
This research deals with a detailed study of one of the distinguished Asiri scientific and social figures, belonging to a long-standing family in science and social status at the level of the Arabian Peninsula in general, and its south in particular, namely the family of Al-Bakri Al-Ajili, especially the most prominent of its scholars and scientists, who had a great reputation in science, education, reform, and calling to Allah Almighty in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries Hijri. In his community, he had the upper hand in writing, reading, reforming among the people, spreading science, opening educational circles, and dictating lessons to those who attend the science circles in their mosque in their town “Rujal”, or in their other village “Athalif” in the Rijal Almaa region; where these two schools before the arrival of the first Saudi state became centers of knowledge that attracted a number of students from Asir, from outside it, and even from some countries outside the Arabian Peninsula, whether from Indian pilgrims, Jabart, and others.
Introduction: The importance of the endowment in the Islamic society because it contributes to social solidarity, and derives its legitimacy from the Holy Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet and the consensus of Muslim scholars, and its truth is to lock up a certain money as an ongoing charity that meets the continuous benefits of society. The study is based on Sheikh Said Al-Khalili's seventh-volume Preface to the Rules of Faith, which means the third volume, which deals with the endowment and its banks, as societies today face destitution, lack of income and high living. Objectives: The research aims to shed light on the importance of the endowment in our time, and its containment of society in the values of social solidarity as a sustainable social development for the individual and the group, in order to pay the damage, and meet their necessary needs, which are originally the responsibility of society and the state. Methodology: The research takes the descriptive and analytical approach in achieving the objectives of the research from the reality of the importance of the endowment and its sustainable entity. The research methodology is divided into an introduction and three axes; the introduction focused on introducing the endowment, and also includes introducing the book Preface to the Rules of Faith and its author. The first axis deals with the types and forms of endowment, while the second axis focuses on the expenses of the endowment, old and new, and the third axis is devoted to the contribution of the endowment to social solidarity, in which Islam applies doctrine, worship, law, system, morality and behavior, as well as zakat and charity. It embodies the individual's awareness of his social responsibility and increases his sense of community issues. Keywords: endowment, introductory book, social solidarity, social development.
The Arabian Gulf has been of great importance since ancient times to this day, as it is the living artery that connects the East and the West, and through its ports and commercial centers, various goods and products are transported due to its distinguished strategic location, which made it the focus of attention of the colonial countries that competed over it throughout the previous centuries, especially at the end of the nineteenth century between France and Britain. Oman alone was afflicted with three issues that caused British-French relations to reach a state of crisis between the two parties, which almost led to devastating wars between them as a result of Britain's keenness to close any gap through which any European colonial influence might be able to infiltrate the region in order to secure their renewed interests in the Indian continent. Since the end of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763 AD) between Britain and France, Britain's interest in the Arabian Gulf changed. It was no longer commercial as before, but rather became more political. Consequently, their desire to dominate and monopolize the region increased, especially with the decline of the Dutch in the Arabian Gulf region. The British thought that they had monopolized the region, only to be surprised by the fierce competition of the French, which ignited the flames of wars and conflicts between them. Perhaps the most important issues that worsened the relationship between the two parties, specifically in Oman, were the issue of the French establishing a coal station in Bandar Jissah, the issue of raising the French flag on Omani ships, and the issue of the spread of weapons and ammunition in Oman and the Arabian Gulf. These three issues occurred simultaneously during the reign of Sultan Faisal bin Turki Al Busaidi (1864-1913).
This research presents the historical framework for the issuance of the Saudi gold pound during the reign of King Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1370 AH/1952 AD, and the second issue in the name of King Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1376 AH/1958 AD. The study will address the reasons that prompted both King Abdulaziz and King Saud Abdulaziz Al Saud to issue the Saudi gold pound, the role played by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency in preparing for these issues, studying the styles, writings and shapes of these pounds and analyzing their content, and the economic role played by the Saudi pound in monetary life at the local and global levels, through a comprehensive study of the position of the Saudi gold pound against global currencies. The study will include tables showing the exchange rates of the Saudi gold pound, and the study will include pictures of the pounds that I published in the research and the transcription of the writings of the published coins.
عانت منطقة جازان؛ كغيرها من مناطق المملكة العربية السعودية ولاسيما قبل وصول الخدمات الصحية الحديثة إليها في عهد الملك عبدالعزيز - رحمه الله - من انتشار الكثير من الأمراض الفتاكة التي أودت بكثير من الأرواح, على الرغم من وجود بعض الوسائل العلاجية البدائية أو ما يُسمى بالطب الشعبي, ولذا فإن هذه الدراسة تتناول موضوع الطب الشعبي في منطقة جازان خلال النصف الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الهجري/التاسع عشر الميلادي, وذلك من خلال تمهيد ومبحثين رئيسيين, حيث يعرض التمهيد مفهوم الطب الشعبي لدى سكان المنطقة, وأسباب انتشار الأمراض فيها, أما المبحث الأول فيتناول أهم أسباب انتشار الأمراض في المنطقة خلال مدة الدراسة وأبرز الأدوات الطبية المستخدمة لعلاج تلك الأمراض, وأما المبحث الثاني فيتناول عرضًا لأهم الأمراض في المنطقة وطرق علاجها من خلال الطب الشعبي.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a long tradition of traditional crafts belonging to local cultural groups of Arab tribes endemic in all regions of the Kingdom, leaving behind the indicators of a sophisticated culture of these crafts. These human groups have succeeded in their artistic techniques, designs and decorative elements. These crafts have valuable products that pay for needs that are essential to people's old daily lives. These crafts and their products are no longer a cultural heritage that inherits generations and enjoys only the Kingdom's support and attention, but a vital sector that plays an important economic role. There is no doubt that traditional crafts products require creativity, innovation and development in response to cultural variables, the realization of desires and needs, and the creation of competition for other products leading to the continuity and preservation of crafts. It is important to establish limits and standards for this development that ensure the preservation of the national authenticity and identity of artisanal products and create competition with others. Particularly in the light of the proliferation of indiscriminate products and the experience of some modest craftsmen, and the lack of emphasis on authenticity and identity; Although there is a significant cultural movement in the field of crafts and traditional industries in Saudi Arabia, and interest in their products, there is no clear mechanism for the limits and standards of the development of these crafts' products. This paper aims to highlight the development of artisanal products and the limits and standards of such development through the elements of this paper: to clarify the concept and importance of trades and traditional industries, to define and classify artisanal products and to address the difference between the product industry and its development, as well as to illustrate the importance and objectives of development and the development mechanism so that products do not lose their authenticity as a cultural heritage reflecting their national identity. The results of the development and its impact on the continuity of trades and traditional industries.
