Abstract:

The city of Hamadan, with an open "H", "M", and "D" sound, is an ancient city in the Kur al-Jabal region of Persian Iraq. It is considered one of the most significant cities in the Islamic East due to its historical, political, and cultural importance. It was one of the capitals of the Seljuk state, holding a distinguished scientific status alongside other Seljuk capitals such as Isfahan, Ray, Shahrazur, and Qazvin. Hamadan has been mentioned in many historical and geographical sources, and several scholars and statesmen from the Seljuk era are attributed to it, leaving behind a rich intellectual and historical legacy

We have noticed that Islamic historical sources and modern references rarely discuss the city of Hamadan, and we have not found any books that deal with it specifically except what was mentioned about it in these sources except in general and within the framework of talking about the cities of the Islamic East. This is what makes us address the subject of “the social classes in the city of Hamadan during the Seljuk era” through research and study.

This study explores the social classes in the city of Hamadan during the Seljuk era. It is divided into three main sections:

1.  A general overview of the city and its geographical location.

2.  The incorporation of Hamadan into Seljuk rule and their role in the city.

3.  A detailed study of the social classes in Hamadan during the Seljuk era.

The study concludes with findings and results, followed by a list of sources and references