This study aims to examine and analyze the writings of Ulrich Jasper Seetzen on the First Saudi State, whether in the notes he recorded during his journey to the Hijaz (1224–1225 AH/1809–1810 CE), or in the correspondence he wrote from various locations along his route before reaching the Hijaz. The period covered in the study coincides with a significant phase in the history of the First Saudi State—namely, the incorporation of the two holy cities, Mecca and Medina, under Saudi rule. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical historical methodology and draws on a variety of sources, foremost among them the letters Seetzen sent during his travels to Franz Xaver von Zach for publication in the journal Monatliche Correspondenz (Monthly Astronomical Correspondence), in addition to a number of important references and scholarly sources. The study reaches several conclusions, the most significant of which is that Seetzen's writings reveal a notable shift in his perception of the First Saudi State. His impressions were shaped by the prevailing narratives in each region he passed through. Seetzen's observations prior to reaching the Hijaz offered an early account of some areas under Saudi control and of the tribes allied with the state. During his stay in the Hijaz, Seetzen reconsidered many of his earlier assumptions about the Saudi state. He observed the stability of its governance, its political organization, and its efforts to regulate religious practices and eliminate violations of monotheism all. Seetzen also expressed admiration for the character of Imam Saud, describing him as a pious and dignified ruler, notable for his wisdom and presence. This makes Seetzen’s account one of the most significant European testimonies of the time concerning the First Saudi State.

Keywords: Hijaz, Seetzen, First Saudi State, Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab’s movement, Makkah, Madinah.