This research presents a new critical study of the pre-Islamic history of Arabs in Bahrain. Pre-Islamic Bahraini history is an essential part of its cultural identity and reflects its rich experiences throughout the ages. The research aims to document historical events using a scientific approach characterized by objectivity and impartiality, thus enhancing an accurate understanding of Bahraini heritage.

The research reviews the most important works on Bahraini history, including general history books, biographies, and biography books, as well as sources and references that address social, economic, and cultural aspects. It commends the authors' efforts in preserving heritage and documenting Bahraini history, highlighting the importance of these sources and references in shaping historical awareness within society. However, the research highlights some critical observations, indicating the need to verify historical information to avoid distorting facts. Many readers rely on some works without critical analysis, leading to the spread of inaccurate information that negatively impacts the general understanding of Bahraini history.

The research also discusses and refutes historical fallacies contained in these sources, such as the problem of Bahrain's belonging to Persia. This is considered a grave error that contributes to distorting the true image of Bahrain's glorious history. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of the scientific approach in studying history to strengthen national identity and belonging. It emphasizes the need for more historical studies based on a solid scientific approach that accurately rewrites Bahrain's history based on original sources. This represents an important achievement that enhances the cultural and scientific movement in the Kingdom and strengthens cultural identity and national belonging.

Keywords: Bahrain, tribal alliances, Arab history, historical fallacies, critical study, historical sources